Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born 2 October 1951), better
known by his stage name Sting, is an English
musician from Newcastle upon Tyne. Prior to starting his solo career, he
was the principal composer, lead singer and bass player of the 1970s/1980s
rock band The Police.
Sting
- Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner
Biography
- Early life
Sumner was born in
Wallsend,
near Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England,
to Audrey Cowell and her husband, Ernest Sumner. He is the eldest of four
children and has a brother, Philip, and two sisters, Angela and Anita. His
father managed a dairy, and as a boy he would often assist him with the
early morning milk delivery rounds. Sumner was raised in the Roman
Catholic tradition, due to the influence of his paternal grandmother,
who was from an Irish
family.
He attended
St.
Cuthbert's Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne, and then the University
of Warwick in Coventry,
which he left after only one term. During this time, he would often sneak
into nightclubs like the Club-A-Go-Go. Here, he would watch acts such as Jack
Bruce and Jimi
Hendrix who would later influence his music. After jobs as a bus
conductor, a construction labourer and a tax officer, he attended Northern
Counties Teachers' Training College, which later became part of Northumbria
University, from 1971 to 1974. He then worked as a teacher at St.
Paul's First School in Cramlington
for two years.
From an early age, Sumner knew that he wanted to be a
musician.
His first music gigs
were wherever he could get a job, performing evenings, weekends, and
during vacations from college and teaching. He played with local jazz
bands such as the Phoenix Jazzmen, the Newcastle Big Band, and Last
Exit.
Origin of nickname
Sting has stated that he gained his nickname while with the Phoenix
Jazzmen. He once performed wearing a black and yellow jersey
with hooped stripes that bandleader Gordon Solomon had noted made him look
like a bumblebee;
thus Sumner became "Sting." He uses Sting almost exclusively,
except on official documents. In a press conference filmed in the movie
"Bring on the Night", he jokingly stated his children call him
"Sting."
The Police
In January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to
London,
and soon thereafter he joined Stewart
Copeland and Henry
Padovani (who was very soon replaced by Andy
Summers) to form the new
wave band The
Police. Between 1978 and 1983, they released five chart-topping albums
and won six Grammy
Awards.
Although their initial sound was punk inspired, The Police soon
switched to reggae-tinged
rock and minimalist pop.
Their last album, Synchronicity,
which included their most successful song, "Every
Breath You Take", was released in 1983. Another popular song of
the Police is "Don't
Stand So Close to Me" which made number 1.
While never formally breaking up, after Synchronicity, the group
agreed to concentrate on solo projects. As the years went by, the band
members, particularly Sting, increasingly dismissed the possibility of
reforming. In 2007, however, the band reformed and announced a world
tour.
Sting
& The Police
Early solo work
In September 1981, Sting made his first live solo appearance,
performing on all four nights of the fourth Amnesty
International benefit The
Secret Policeman's Other Ball at the invitation of producer Martin
Lewis. He performed solo versions of "Roxanne"
and "Message
in a Bottle", playing the guitar.
He also led an all-star band (dubbed "The Secret Police") on
his own arrangement of Bob
Dylan's, "I
Shall Be Released". The band and chorus included Eric
Clapton, Jeff
Beck, Phil
Collins, Bob
Geldof and Midge
Ure, all of whom (except Beck) later worked together on Live
Aid.
His performances were featured prominently in the album and movie of
the show and drew Sting major critical attention. Sumner's participation
in The
Secret Policeman's Other Ball was the beginning of his growing
involvement in raising money and consciousness for political and social
causes.
In 1982 he released a solo single, Spread a Little Happiness
from the Dennis
Potter television play Brimstone
and Treacle. The song was a re-interpretation of a song from the
1920s musical Mr.
Cinders by Vivian
Ellis, and was a surprise Top 20 hit in the UK.
1980s
Sting's first solo album, 1985's The Dream of the Blue Turtles,
featured a cast of accomplished jazz musicians, including Kenny Kirkland,
Darryl Jones, Omar Hakim, and Branford Marsalis. It included the hit
single "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free". The single included
a fan favorite non-LP track titled "Another Day". The album also
yielded the hits "Fortress Around Your Heart",
"Russians", and "Love is the Seventh Wave". Within a
year, it reached Triple Platinum. This album would help Sting garner a
Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. The film and video "Bring On
The Night" documented the formation of the band and its first concert
in France.
Also in 1985, he sang the introduction and chorus to "Money for
Nothing", a groundbreaking song by Dire Straits. He would perform
this song with Dire Straits at the Live Aid Concert at Wembley Stadium.
Sting also provided a short guest vocal performance on the Miles Davis
album You're Under Arrest. He also sang backing vocals in Arcadia's
single "The Promise" from their only album, "So Red The
Rose". He also contributed a version of "Mack the Knife" to
the Hal Willner-produced tribute album Lost in the Stars: The Music of
Kurt Weill.
Sting released ...Nothing Like the Sun in 1987, including the
hit songs "We'll Be Together", "Fragile",
"Englishman in New York", and "Be Still My Beating
Heart", dedicated to his recently-deceased mother. It eventually went
Double Platinum. The song "The Secret Marriage" from this album
was adapted from a melody by German composer Hans Eisler, and
"Englishman In New York" was about the eccentric writer Quentin
Crisp. The album's title is taken from William
Shakespeare's Sonnet.
Soon thereafter, in February 1988, he released Nada Como el Sol,
a selection of five songs from Sun sung (by Sting himself) in Spanish
and Portuguese.
Sting was also involved in two other recordings in the late 1980s, the
first in 1987 with noted jazz arranger Gil Evans who placed Sting in a big
band setting for a live album of Sting's songs (the CD was not released in
the U.S.), and the second on Frank Zappa's 1988 "Broadway The Hard
Way" album, where Sting performs an unusual arrangement of
"Murder By Numbers", set to the tune "Stolen Moments"
by jazz composer Oliver Nelson, and "dedicated" to
fundamentalist evangelist Jimmy Swaggart.
October 1988 saw the release of Igor Stravinsky's The Soldier's Tale
with the London Sinfonietta conducted by Kent Nagano. It featured Vanessa
Redgrave, Sir Ian McKellen and Sting in the role of the soldier.
1990s
Sting's 1991 album The Soul Cages was dedicated to his
recently-deceased father and included the Top 10 song "All this
Time" and the Grammy-winning "Soul Cages". The album
eventually went Platinum. The following year, he married Trudie Styler and
was awarded an honorary doctorate degree in music from Northumbria
University. In 1993, he released the album Ten Summoner's Tales,
which went Triple Platinum in just over a year. The title is wordplay on
his surname, Sumner and Geoffrey Chaucer's classic The Canterbury Tales.
Concurrent video albums were released to support "Soul Cages" (a
live concert) and "Ten Summoner's Tales" (recorded during the
recording sessions for the album).
In May 1993, Sting released a cover of his own classic Police song from
the Ghost in the Machine album, "Demolition Man" for the Demolition
Man film.
Sting reached a pinnacle of success in 1994. Together with Bryan Adams
and Rod Stewart, they performed the chart-topping song "All For
Love" from the film The Three Musketeers. The song stayed at
the top of the U.S. charts for five weeks and went Platinum; it is to date
Sumner's only song from his post-Police career to top the U.S. charts. In
February, he won two more Grammy Awards and was nominated for three more.
The Berklee College of Music gave him his second honorary doctorate of
music degree in May. In November, he released a greatest hits compilation
called Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting, which eventually was
certified Double Platinum.
Sting's 1996 album, Mercury Falling debuted strongly, but it
dropped quickly on the charts. Yet, he reached the Top 40 with two singles
the same year with "You Still Touch Me" (June) and "I'm So
Happy I Can't Stop Crying" (December). During this period, Sumner was
also recording music for the upcoming Disney film Kingdom of the Sun,
which went on to be reworked into The Emperor's New Groove. The
film went through drastic overhauls and plot changes, many of which were
documented by Sumner's wife, Trudie Styler. She captured the moment Sumner
was called by Disney who then informed him that his songs would not be
used in the final film. The story was put into a final product: The
Sweatbox, which premiered at the Toronto
Film Festival. Disney currently holds the rights to the film and will not
grant its release. That same year Sting also released a little-known
CD-ROM called All This Time, which was well ahead of its time in
providing music, commentary and custom computer features describing Sumner
and his music from his perspective.
Also in 1996, Sting provided some vocals for the Tina Turner single On
Silent Wings as a part of her Wildest Dreams album, this peaked at #13 in
the UK.
"Moonlight," a rare jazz performance by Sting for the 1995
remake of Sabrina, written by Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman and John
Williams, was nominated for a 1997 Grammy Award for Best Song Written
Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television.
The Emperor's New Groove soundtrack was released, however, with
complete songs from the previous version of the film, which included
Rascall Flatts and Shawn Colvin. This is seen by many as a move on
Disney's part to soothe the relationship with Sting and to keep open the
door for future projects. The final single used to promote the film was
"My Funny Friend and Me".
Sting as Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen in David Lynch's Dune (1984)
2000s
Sting's September 1999 album Brand New Day included the Top 40
hits "Brand New Day" and "Desert Rose" (Top 10). The
album went Triple Platinum by January 2001. In 2000, he won Grammy Awards
for Brand New Day and the song of the same name. At the awards
ceremony, he performed "Desert Rose" with Cheb Mami. For his
performance, the Arab-American Institute Foundation gave him the Kahlil
Gibran Spirit of Humanity Award. However, Sting was criticized for
appearing in a Jaguar
advertisement using "Desert Rose" as its backing track,
particularly as he was a notable environmentalist.
In February 2001, he won another Grammy. His song "After The Rain
Has Fallen" made it into the Top 40. His next project was to record a
live album at his Tuscan villa, which was to be released as a CD and DVD,
as well as being simulcast in its entirety on the internet. The CD and DVD
were to be entitled "On such a night" and should feature
re-workings of Sting favourites such as "Roxanne" and "If
You Love Somebody Set Them Free.". The concert, however, was
scheduled for September 11, 2001 and due to
the terrorist attacks in America that same day, the project was altered in
various ways. The webcast was shut down after one song (a reworked version
of Fragile), after which Sting let it be up to the audience whether or not
to continue with the show. Eventually they decided to go through with the
concert, and the resultant album and DVD was released in November under a
different title, "...All This Time". Both are dedicated "to
all those who lost their lives on that day."
He performed a special arrangement of "Fragile" with Yo-Yo Ma
and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir during the opening ceremonies of the 2002
Winter Olympics in Salt
Lake City, Utah.
In 2002 Sting won a Golden
Globe Award and in June, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of
Fame. In the summer, Sting was awarded the honour of Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 2003 with, he released Sacred
Love, a studio album featuring collaborations with hip-hop artist Mary
J. Blige and sitar maestro Anoushka Shankar. He and Blige won a Grammy for
their duet, "Whenever I Say Your Name."
His autobiography Broken Music was published in October. Sting
embarked on a Sacred Love tour in 2004 with performances by Annie
Lennox. Sting went on the Broken Music tour, touring smaller venues, with
a four piece band kicking off in Los Angeles on 28 March 2005 and ending
this "College Tour" on 14 May 2005. Continuing with his
involvement in Live Aid, he appeared at Live 8 in July 2005. During 2006,
Sting collaborated with Roberto Livi in producing a Spanish language
version of his cult classic "Fragile" entitled "Fragilidad"
on the album "Rhythms Del Mondo" by Latino recording legends
"The Buena Vista Sound" (previously known as the Buena Vista
Social Club) available via www.apeuk.org
In October 2006, Sting released an album, to mixed reviews, entitled Songs
from the Labyrinth featuring the music of John Dowland (an
Elizabethan-era composer) and accompaniment from Bosnian lute
player Edin Karamazov. As a part of the promotion of this album, he
appeared on the fifth episode of Studio 60 during which he performed a
segment of Dowland's "Come Again" as well as his own
"Fields of Gold" in the arrangement for voice and two archlutes.
Reports surfaced in early 2007 that Sting would reunite with his former
Police bandmates for a 30th anniversary tour. These rumours were confirmed
by posts on the popular fanzine Stingus and on various other
newswebsites such as De Standaard, Yahoo!
etc.
On February 11, 2007, Sting reunited with the other members of the
Police as the introductory act for the 2007 Grammy Awards, singing
"Roxanne", and subsequently announced The Police Reunion Tour.
Acting career
Sting occasionally has ventured into acting. Notable film roles
include:
-
The Ace Face, the King of The Mods, a.k.a. The Bell Boy in the movie
adaptation of The Who album Quadrophenia (1979)
-
Martin Taylor, a drifter in Brimstone and Treacle (1982)
-
Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen in the movie Dune (1984)
-
Mick, a black-marketeer in Plenty (1985)
-
Baron
Frankenstein in The Bride (1985)
-
Himself in the documentary film Bring on the Night (1985)
-
A "heroic officer" in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
(1988)
-
Finney, a nightclub owner in Stormy Monday (1988)
-
Daniel, British gentleman Julia and Julia (1988)
-
Fledge in The Grotesque (1995), in which he appears nude
-
Himself on The Simpsons episode Radio Bart (1992).
-
J.D., Eddie's father and owner of a bar, in Lock, Stock, and Two
Smoking Barrels (1998)
-
Himself on the Vicar of Dibley Comic
Relief special (2007).
Sting narrated the American premier of the musical Yanomamo
(1983), by Peter Rose and Anne Conlon outlining problems that existed in
the Amazon Rainforest. This was made into a film and later broadcast as Song
of the Forest (currently available from WWF-UK). Other appearances on
the stage and television
include guest spots on Saturday Night Live and Ally McBeal.
He also provided the voice of Zarm on the 1990s television show Captain
Planet and the Planeteers. In 1989 he starred as Macheath (Mack the
Knife) in the The Threepenny Opera, the classic 1928 German musical work
by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill in New York and Washington. He most
recently appeared as a musical guest on the fictional series Studio 60
on the Sunset Strip.
Sting
the musician on stage
Activism
While with the Police, Sting wrote "Driven to Tears," a
scathing diatribe against world hunger, and it preceded his work on Sir
Bob Geldof's "Feed The World" project. Sumner sang on "Do
They Know It's Christmas?" -- a hit single from Geldof's pop music
super-group called "Band Aid" which eventually led to the Live
Aid Concert in July of 1985, in which Sting also took part, performing
with Branford Marsalis, Phil Collins, and with the group Dire Straits.
Throughout the 1980s, Sting strongly supported environmentalism and
humanitarian movements, such as Amnesty International. In 1986 he was
interviewed by the BBC about his support for Amnesty International and he
stated: "I've been a member of Amnesty and a support member for five
years, due to an entertainment event called The Secret Policeman's Ball
and before that I did not know about Amnesty, I did not know about its
work, I did not know about torture in the world."
His most high-profile contribution to the human-rights cause came in
1988, when he joined a team of major musicians and rising
stars—-including Peter Gabriel and Bruce Springsteen—-assembled under
the banner of Amnesty International for the six-week world Human Rights
Now! Tour celebrating the 40th anniversary of the signing of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
In 1988, he released the single "They Dance Alone" which
chronicled the plight of the wives and daughters of the disappeared, the
innocent victims of the Pinochet regime in Chile. Unable to protest
against the government about their missing loved ones, the women of Chile
would pin photos of their relatives on their clothing, and dance in silent
outrage against the government.
With his wife Trudie Styler and Raoni Metuktire, a Kayapó Indian
leader in Brazil,
Sumner founded the Rainforest Foundation to help save the rainforests.
His support for these causes continues to this day, and includes an annual
benefit concert held at New York's Carnegie Hall with Billy Joel, Elton
John, James Taylor and other music superstars.
In the early 1990s, Sting performed with Don Henley and Billy Joel in
New York's Madison Square Garden at The Concert for Walden Woods. He also
took part in the post-9-11 rock telethon to raise money for the families
of the victims of terror attacks in the United States, and performed at
the Live 8 concert, the follow up to 1985's Live Aid Concert.
Sting is known to support cannabis reclassification in the United
Kingdom. Following Tony
Blair's intention to revoke the rescheduling of cannabis executed in
January 2006, he has joined a list of prominent figures who have written
to the Prime Minister urging him to keep cannabis as a class C drug. [1]
Personal life
Sting married actress
Frances
Tomelty from Northern
Ireland, on 1
May 1976.
Before they divorced in 1984, the couple had two children: Joseph
(born 1976) and Fuchsia Catherine (born 1982). Joe is following in his
father's musical footsteps and is a member of the band Fiction
Plane.
In 1982, shortly after the birth of his second child, Sting separated
from Tomelty and began living with actress (and later film producer) Trudie
Styler. The couple eventually married in 1992. Sting and Styler have
four children: Bridget Michael (a.k.a. "Mickey," born 1984),
Jake (born 1985), Eliot Pauline (nicknamed "Coco", born 1990),
and Giacomo Luke (born 1995).
Both of Sting's parents died from cancer in 1987. He did not, however,
attend either funeral claiming that the media fuss would be a disrespect
to his parents.
Sumner owns several homes worldwide, including Elizabethan manor house
Lake House and its 60-acre
country estate in Wiltshire, England,
a country cottage in the Lake
District, a New
York City apartment, a beach house in Malibu,
California, a 600-acre estate in Tuscany,
Italy, and two properties in London: an apartment on the Mall
and an 18th century terrace house in Highgate.
[2]
According to an interview he did for German television broadcaster NDR
in 1996 Sumner chose a tree on the Lake House estate beside which he
wishes to be buried someday.
Sting
on Bass
FILM
and DISCOGRAPHY
-
"Tele
de tu vida, La" (1 episode, 2007)
- Episode
#1.9 (2007) TV Episode (writer: "Ellas danzan solas (Cueca
Solas) (They Dance Alone)") (performer: "Ellas danzan
solas (Cueca Solas) (They Dance Alone)")
-
"The
Office" (2 episodes, 2006-2007)
... aka The Office: US Version (Australia)
- Phyllis'
Wedding (2007) TV Episode (writer: "Roxanne",
"Message in a Bottle", "Every Breath You Take",
"Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic", "Fields of
Gold")
- Casino
Night (2006) TV Episode (writer: "Don't Stand So Close
To Me")
-
"The
Simpsons" (1 episode, 2006)
- Ice
Cream of Margie: With the Light Blue Hair (2006) TV Episode
(writer: "Money for Nothing")
-
"Shminiya,
Ha-" (4 episodes, 2006)
... aka The Eight (International: English title)
- Ha-Ne'elamim
(2006) TV Episode (performer: "Fortress Around You")
- The
Nocturnal Robbery (2006) TV Episode (performer:
"Spread a Little Happiness")
- The
Spies (2006) TV Episode (performer: "Let Your Soul Be
Your Pilot")
- Casio
(2006) TV Episode (performer: "It's Probably Me")
-
"Studio
60 on the Sunset Strip" (1 episode, 2006)
... aka Studio 60 (USA: informal alternative title)
- The
Long Lead Story (2006) TV Episode (writer: "Fields of
Gold") (performer: "Come again", "Fields of
Gold")
-
Bewitched
(2005) (writer: "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic")
-
Racing
Stripes (2005) (writer: "Taking The Inside Rail")
(performer: "Taking The Inside Rail")
-
"Independent
Lens" (1 episode, 2005)
- Enron:
The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005) TV Episode (writer:
"Magic")
-
Bridget
Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004) (performer: "We'll Be
Together")
... aka Bridget Jones 2 (UK: informal title)
... aka Bridget Jones: L'âge de raison (France)
-
Bali:
Hope in Paradise (2004) (writer: "If I ever lose my faith
in you") (performer: "If I ever lose my faith in
you")
-
Beth
- Palau de la música catalana (2004) (V) (writer: "Message
in a Bottle", "Roxanne", "Every Breath U
Take")
-
The
76th Annual Academy Awards (2004) (TV) (writer: "You Will
Be My Ain True Love") (performer: "You Will Be My Ain True
Love")
-
50
First Dates (2004) (writer: "Every Breath You Take")
-
Tooth
(2004) (writer: "Money for Nothing")
-
Cold
Mountain (2003) (arranger: "You Will Be My Ain True
Love" (2003)) ("You Will Be My Ain True Love" (2003))
-
The
Wild Thornberrys Movie (2002) (performer: "Don't Walk
Away")
-
Jeff
Buckley: Everybody Here Wants You (2002) (TV) (writer:
"Roxanne" (live '82))
-
Kate
& Leopold (2001) (writer: "Until") (performer:
"Until")
-
"Clone,
O" (2001) TV Series (unknown episodes)
... aka The Clone (USA)
-
Rush
Hour 2 (2001) (writer: "I'll Be Missing You" (AKA
"Every Breath You Take"))
-
Legally
Blonde (2001) (writer: "Magic")
-
Moulin
Rouge! (2001) (writer: "EL TANGO DE ROXANNE (Medley)")
-
"Ally
McBeal" (1 episode, 2001)
- Cloudy
Skies, Chance of Parade (2001) TV Episode (performer:
"Every Breath You Take")
-
"The
Sopranos" (2 episodes, 1999-2001)
- Mr.
Ruggerio's Neighborhood (2001) TV Episode (writer:
"Every Breath You Take/Theme from Peter Gunn (Mr. Ruggerio's
Remix)")
- Pilot
(1999) TV Episode ("I'm So Happy I Can't Stop
Crying")
-
The
Emperor's New Groove (2000) (performer: "My Funny Friend
and Me") (producer: "Perfect World"/"Perfect
World Reprise")
-
Red
Planet (2000) (performer: "A Thousand Years")
-
Greenfingers
(2000) (writer: "Twenty Five To Midnight") (performer:
"Twenty Five To Midnight")
... aka Jailbuds (Europe: English title: DVD box title)
-
The
Replacements (2000) (writer: "Every Breath You Take")
-
Dolphins
(2000) (writer: "Be Still My Beating Heart", "The
Dolphin Song", "Englishman in New York", "Every
Breath You Take", "Fields of Gold", "Fill Her
Up", "Ghost Story", "Straight To My Heart",
"When We Dance") (performer: "Be Still My Beating
Heart", "The Dolphin Song", "Englishman in New
York", "Every Breath You Take", "Fields of
Gold", "Fill Her Up", "Ghost Story",
"Straight To My Heart", "When We Dance")
-
Bossa
Nova (2000) (performer: "How Insensitive")
-
Stille
nach dem Schuß, Die (2000) (performer: "If You Love
Somebody Set Them Free")
... aka Legend of Rita (USA)
... aka Rita's Legends (International: English title)
... aka The Legends of Rita (International: English title)
-
Sting:
The Brand New Day Tour - Live from the Universal Amphitheatre
(2000) (V) (writer: "A Thousand Years") (performer:
"A Thousand Years", "If You Love Somebody (Set Them
Free)", "After The Rain Has Fallen", "We'll Be
Together", "Perfect Love...Gone Wrong", "Seven
Days", "Fill Her Up", "Every Little Thing She
Does Is Magic", "Ghost Story", "Moon Over
Bourbon Street", "Englishman In New York",
"Brand New Day", "Tomorrow We'll See",
"Desert Rose", "Every Breath You Take",
"Lithium Sunset", "Message In A Bottle",
"Fragile") ("A Thousand Years", "If You
Love Somebody (Set Them Free)", "After The Rain Has
Fallen", "We'll Be Together", "Perfect
Love...Gone Wrong", "Seven Days", "Fill Her
Up", "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic",
"Ghost Story", "Moon Over Bourbon Street",
"Englishman In New York", "Brand New Day",
"Tomorrow We'll See", "Desert Rose", "Every
Breath You Take", "Lithium Sunset", "Message In
A Bottle", "Fragile")
-
The
Thomas Crown Affair (1999) (performer: "THE WINDMILLS OF
YOUR MIND")
-
Simply
Irresistible (1999) (writer: "Every Little Thing (He) Does
Is Magic")
... aka Einfach unwiderstehlich (Germany)
-
The
Mighty (1998) (writer: "The Mighty" (1998))
(performer: "The Mighty" (1998))
-
The
X Files (1998) (writer: "Invisible Sun") (performer:
"Invisible Sun")
... aka Aux frontières du réel (Canada: French title)
... aka The X-Files (USA: closing credits title)
-
The
Object of My Affection (1998) (performer: "You Were Meant
for Me")
-
The
Wedding Singer (1998) (writer: "Every Little Thing She Does
Is Magic")
-
Conspiracy
Theory (1997) (writer: "Every Little Thing She Does Is
Magic")
-
Speed
2: Cruise Control (1997) (writer: "Every Breath You
Take")
-
Sånt
är livet (1996) (music: "Every Breath You Take")
(lyrics: "Every Breath You Take")
... aka Sånn er livet (Norway)
... aka Such Is Life
-
The
Truth About Cats & Dogs (1996) (writer: "The Bed's Too
Big Without You") (performer: "The Bed's Too Big Without
You") (producer: "The Bed's Too Big Without You")
-
White
Squall (1996) (writer: "VALPARISO") (performer: "VALPARISO")
-
Sabrina
(1995) (performer: "Moonlight")
... aka Sabrina (Germany)
-
Ace
Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995) (writer: "Spirits in the
Material World") (performer: "Spirits in the Material
World")
... aka Ace Ventura Goes to Africa
-
Copycat
(1995) (lyrics: "Murder by Numbers" (1983))
-
Leaving
Las Vegas (1995) (performer: "Angel Eyes", "It's
A Lonesome Old Town", "My One and Only Love")
... aka Leaving Las Vegas (France)
-
Léon
(1994) (writer: "Shape Of My Heart") (performer:
"Shape Of My Heart")
... aka Leon (UK)
... aka The Cleaner
... aka The Professional (USA)
-
Terminal
Velocity (1994) (writer: "THIS COWBOY SONG")
(performer: "THIS COWBOY SONG")
-
"Beavis
and Butt-Head" (1 episode, 1994)
- Date
Bait (1994) TV Episode (performer: "All for
Love")
-
Your
Personal Best with Elle MacPherson (1994) (V) (writer:
"Fields of Gold")
... aka Elle Macpherson: The Body Workout (UK)
-
The
Three Musketeers (1993) (performer: "All For Love")
-
Demolition
Man (1993) (writer: "Demolition Man") (performer:
"Demolition Man")
-
The
Gun in Betty Lou's Handbag (1992) (writer: "Every Breath
You Take")
-
Man
Trouble (1992) (writer: "EVERY BREATH YOU TAKE")
-
Lethal
Weapon 3 (1992) (lyrics: "It's Probably Me")
(performer: "It's Probably Me")
-
Regarding
Henry (1991) (writer: "WALKING ON THE MOON")
-
Desperately
Seeking Roger (1991) (TV) (writer: "Englishman in New
York") (performer: "Englishman in New York")
-
Another
48 Hrs. (1990) (writer: "ROXANNE")
... aka Another 48 Hours (Philippines: English title)
-
UHF
(1989) (writer: "MONEY FOR NOTHING" / "BEVERLY
HILLBILLIES" PARODY)
... aka The Vidiot from UHF
-
Someone
to Watch Over Me (1987) (arranger: "SOMEONE TO WATCH OVER
ME")
-
Live
Aid (1985) (TV) ("Money for Nothing")
-
Bachelor
Party (1984) ("Rehumanize Yourself")
-
Risky
Business (1983) (writer: "EVERY BREATH YOU TAKE")
-
Party
Party (1983) (performer: "Tutti Frutti", "Need
Your Love So Bad")
-
Brimstone
& Treacle (1982) (performer: "Only You",
"Spread a Little Happiness")
-
The
Secret Policeman's Ball (1981) (performer: "Roxanne",
"Message in a bottle")
-
Bring
on the Night (1985) (music producer)
... aka Sting: Bring on the Night (Europe: English title: video
title)
-
"The
Vicar of Dibley" .... Himself (1 episode, 2007)
- Comic
Relief Special (2007) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Corazón
de..." .... Himself (4 episodes, 2005-2007)
- Episode
dated 13 February 2007 (2007) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 5 December 2005 (2005) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 2 November 2005 (2005) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 23 January 2006 (????) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Breakfast"
.... Himself (1 episode, 2006)
- Episode
dated 4 December 2006 (2006) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Live
with Regis and Kathie Lee" .... Himself (1 episode,
2006)
... aka Live with Regis (USA: new title)
... aka Live with Regis & Kelly (USA: new title)
- Episode
dated 6 November 2006 (2006) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Scott
Walker: 30 Century Man (2006) .... Himself
-
"The
Culture Show" .... Himself (1 episode, 2006)
- Episode
#4.1 (2006) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Ellen:
The Ellen DeGeneres Show" .... Himself (2 episodes,
2003-2006)
- Episode
dated 27 September 2006 (2006) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 15 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
JCPenney
Jam: The Concert for America's Kids (2006) (TV) .... Himself -
Performer
-
Herbie
Hancock: Possibilities (2006) .... Himself
-
Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (2006) (TV) ....
Himself
-
Chris
Botti Live: With Orchestra and Special Guests (2006) (V) ....
Himself
-
Deleted
'Dune' (2006) (V) (uncredited) .... Feyd Rautha
-
Live
8: A Bittersweet Symphony (2005) (TV) .... Himself
-
Live
8: Twenty Years Ago Today (2005) (TV) .... Himself
-
Live
8 (2005) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Late
Show with David Letterman" .... Himself (2 episodes,
2004-2005)
... aka Late Show Backstage (USA: title for episodes with guest
hosts)
... aka The Late Show (USA: informal short title)
- Episode
dated 13 May 2005 (2005) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 4 March 2004 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
All
We Are Saying (2005) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Jimmy
Kimmel Live" .... Himself (1 episode, 2005)
- Episode
dated 25 March 2005 (2005) TV Episode .... Himself
-
All
I Want: A Portrait of Rufus Wainwright (2005) (TV) .... Himself
-
George
Michael: A Different Story (2005) .... Himself
-
Brit
Awards 2005 (2005) (TV) .... Congratulate for Bob Geldof
-
"TV
total" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Episode
dated 20 December 2004 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Richard
& Judy" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Episode
dated 15 December 2004 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"McEnroe"
.... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Music
Special (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
SingStar
Party (2004) (VG) (as the Police) .... Himself
-
Band
Aid: The Song That Rocked the World (2004) (TV) .... Himself
-
The
Secret Policeman's Ball: The Music Edition (2004) (V) ....
Himself
-
"Great
Performances" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- John
Lennon's Jukebox (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Tout
le monde en parle" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Episode
dated 29 May 2004 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"This
Morning" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
... aka This Morning with Richard and Judy (UK: informal title)
- Episode
dated 19 May 2004 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Anke
Late Night" .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Episode
#1.1 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Jeremy
Vine Meets..." .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
- Episode
#1.3 (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Bob
Geldof: Saint or Singer? (2004) (TV) .... Himself
-
"The
South Bank Show" .... Himself (2 episodes, 1996-2004)
- John
Lennon's Jukebox (2004) TV Episode .... Himself
- Sting
(1996) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
76th Annual Academy Awards (2004) (TV) .... Himself -
Co-presenter: Best Score/Performer: 'You Will Be My Ain True Love'
-
The
46th Annual Grammy Awards (2004) (TV) .... Himself - Performer
of The Beatles 40th and 'Roxanne'
-
Live
from the Red Carpet: The 2004 Grammy Awards (2004) (TV) ....
Himself
-
The
2003 Billboard Music Awards (2003) (TV)
-
"Top
of the Pops" .... Himself (6 episodes, 1979-2003)
... aka All New Top of the Pops (UK)
... aka TOTP
- Episode
dated 25 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 5 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 1 March 2002 (2002) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 26 May 1983 (1983) TV Episode (as The Police) ....
Himself
- Episode
dated 10 December 1981 (1981) TV Episode (as The Police)
.... Himself
-
The
Words and Music of 'Cold Mountain' (2003) (TV) .... Himself
-
"TROS
TV Show" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
... aka TV show op reis, De (Netherlands)
- Episode
dated 19 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Late Late Show" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
- Episode
dated 12 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Tonight Show with Jay Leno" .... Himself (2 episodes,
2001-2003)
- Episode
dated 11 December 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 13 December 2001 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
A
Journey to 'Cold Mountain' (2003) (TV) .... Himself
-
50º
edición de los premios Ondas (2003) (TV) .... Himself - Winner
& Performer
-
"Parkinson"
.... Himself (2 episodes, 1999-2003)
- Episode
dated 22 November 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 17 December 1999 (1999) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Children
in Need" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
- Episode
dated 21 November 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (2003) (TV)
-
"Unsere
Besten" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
- Wer
ist der größte Deutsche? (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Oprah Winfrey Show" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
... aka Oprah (USA: short title)
- Episode
dated 28 October 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"God
kveld Norge" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
- Episode
dated 11 October 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Sting:
Inside - The Songs of Sacred Love (2003) (TV) .... Sting
-
Everest:
The Mountain at the Millennium, Vol. 1 (2003) (V) .... Host
-
"Friday
Night with Jonathan Ross" .... Himself (1 episode,
2003)
- Episode
#5.2 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Top
of the Pops 2" .... Himself (1 episode, 2003)
- Episode
dated 23 April 2003 (2003) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Super
Bowl XXXVII (2003) (TV) .... Himself (Halftime Performer)
-
The
Sweatbox (2002) .... Himself
-
Chris
Botti & Friends: Night Sessions Live in Concert (2002) (V)
.... Himself
-
The
74th Annual Academy Awards (2002) (TV) .... Himself - Performer:
'Until'
-
Pride
of Britain Awards 2002 (2002) (TV) .... Presenter
-
The
Orange British Academy Film Awards (2002) (TV) .... Himself
-
Brit
Awards 2002 (2002) (TV) .... Performer/Himself
-
"Musikbutikken"
.... Himself (1 episode, 2002)
- Episode
dated 16 February 2002 (2002) TV Episode .... Himself
-
XIX
Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony (2002) (TV) .... Performer
-
Pavarotti
& Friends 2002 for Angola (2002) (TV) .... Guest Performer
... aka Pavarotti & Friends for Angola, from the parco Novi Sad
in Modena (Italy)
-
2002
(2001) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Mad
TV" .... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
- Episode
#7.10 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Today"
.... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
... aka NBC News Today (USA: promotional title)
... aka The Today Show (USA)
- Episode
dated 7 December 2001 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
My
VH1 Music Awards (2001) (TV) .... Himself (performer)
-
Being
Mick (2001) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Wetten,
dass..?" .... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
- Wetten,
dass..? aus Böblingen (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"CD:UK"
.... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
- Episode
dated 10 November 2001 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Operación
triunfo" .... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
... aka O.T. (Spain: promotional abbreviation)
- Episode
dated 5 November 2001 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Mundo
VIP" .... Himself (2 episodes, 1999-2001)
- Show
nº277 (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
- Show
nº175 (1999) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Nightmare Room" .... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
- Tangled
Web (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
America:
A Tribute to Heroes (2001) (TV) .... Himself (performer)
-
All
Access: Front Row. Backstage. Live! (2001) .... Himself
... aka All Access (USA: short title)
... aka All Access: Front Row. Backstage. Live! Presented by Certs
(USA: complete title)
-
"Ally
McBeal" .... Himself (1 episode, 2001)
- Cloudy
Skies, Chance of Parade (2001) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
73rd Annual Academy Awards (2001) (TV) .... Himself - Performer:
'My Funny Friend and Me'
-
"Top
Ten" .... Himself (2 episodes, 2000-2001)
- 1981
(2001) TV Episode .... Himself
- 1980
(2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Sting...
All This Time (2001) (V) .... Vocals, Bass and Guitar
-
"Good
Morning Australia" .... Himself (1 episode, 2000)
... aka G.M.A. (Australia: short title)
- Episode
dated 22 November 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
Beatles Revolution (2000) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Rove
Live" .... Himself (1 episode, 2000)
- Episode
#1.6 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Howard
Stern" .... Himself (2 episodes, 1997-2000)
- Episode
dated 22 September 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 3 March 1997 (1997) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Howard Stern Radio Show" .... Himself (2 episodes,
2000)
- Episode
dated 16 September 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 11 March 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"HermanSIC"
.... Himself (2 episodes, 2000)
- Episode
dated 4 June 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 22 April 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Dale's
All Stars" .... Himself (1 episode, 2000)
- Episode
dated 12 April 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn" .... Himself (1 episode,
2000)
... aka The Late Late Show (USA: short title)
- Episode
dated 3 February 2000 (2000) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Sting:
The Brand New Day Tour - Live from the Universal Amphitheatre
(2000) (V) .... Himself
-
VH1:
Men Strike Back (2000) (TV) .... Performer
-
"FanClub"
.... Himself (1 episode)
- Sting
(????) TV Episode .... Himself
-
MTV
Video Music Awards 2000 (2000) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Late
Night with Conan O'Brien" .... Himself (1 episode,
1999)
- Episode
dated 27 November 1999 (1999) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Behind
the Music" .... Himself (1 episode, 1999)
... aka VH1's Behind the Music (USA)
- Sting
(1999) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"The
Rosie O'Donnell Show" .... Himself (2 episodes,
1997-1999)
- Episode
dated 30 September 1999 (1999) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
dated 4 March 1997 (1997) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"VH1's
Karaoke Cabaret" (1999) TV Series .... Himself - Guest
-
"Des
O'Connor Tonight" .... Himself (1 episode, 1999)
- Episode
dated 3 September 1999 (1999) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
Making of 'The Mighty' (1999) (V) .... Himself
-
Elton
John: With a Little Help from My Friends (1999) (TV) ....
Himself
-
WCW
Superstar Series: Mayhem (1999) (V) .... Himself
-
Saturday
Night Live: 25th Anniversary (1999) (TV) .... Himself
-
Tina
Turner: Celebrate Live 1999 (1999) (V) .... Himself
... aka Happy Birthday Tina! (UK: TV title)
-
The
X-Files Movie Special (1998) (TV) .... Himself
-
Divas
Live: An Honors Concert for VH1 Save the Music (1998) (TV) ....
Himself
... aka VH1 Divas Live (USA: short title)
-
Twentieth
Century Blues: The Songs of Noël Coward (1998) (V) .... Himself
-
All-Star
Concert for Montserrat (1997) (TV) .... Himself
-
An
Audience with Elton John (1997) (TV) .... Himself
-
The
39th Annual Grammy Awards (1997) (TV) .... Himself
-
MTV
Video Music Awards 1997 (1997) (TV) .... Himself - Performer
-
"On
Tour" (1997) TV Series .... Himself (unknown episodes)
-
Music
for Montserrat (1997) (V) .... Himself
-
Sting
in Vietnam (1996) (TV) .... Himself
-
"The
Larry Sanders Show" .... Himself (1 episode, 1996)
- Where
Is the Love? (1996) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"TFI
Friday" .... Himself (1 episode, 1996)
... aka Thank Four It's Friday
- Episode
dated 22 November 1996 (1996) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Lo
+ plus" .... Himself (1 episode, 1996)
- Episode
dated 23 April 1996 (1996) TV Episode .... Himself
-
"Clive
Anderson Talks Back" .... Himself (1 episode, 1996)
- Episode
#10.12 (1996) TV Episode .... Himself
-
I
Want My MTV (1996) (V) .... Himself
-
Poetry,
Passion, the Postman: The Poetic Return of Pablo Neruda (1996)
(TV) .... Himself
-
The
State's 43rd Annual All-Star Halloween Special (1995) (TV) ....
Himself
-
"The
Smell of Reeves and Mortimer" .... Himself (1 episode,
1995)
- Muscle
Chemicals (1995) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 9 (1995) (TV) .... Himself
... aka Punk
-
The
Best of Sting: Fields of Gold 1984-1994 (1994) (V) .... Himself
-
Grammy's
Greatest Moments Volume I (1994) (V) .... Himself (Performer)
-
41º
edición de los premios Ondas (1994) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Aspel
& Company" .... Himself (2 episodes, 1988-1993)
- Episode
#10.6 (1993) TV Episode .... Himself
- Episode
#6.1 (1988) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Sting:
Ten Summoners Tales (1993) (V)
-
Branford
Marsalis: The Music Tells You (1992) .... Himself
... aka The Music Tells You (USA: short title)
-
"The
Simpsons" .... Himself (1 episode, 1992)
- Radio
Bart (1992) TV Episode (voice) .... Himself
-
Pavarotti
& Friends (1992) (TV) .... Guest performer
-
Two
Rooms: A Tribute to Elton John & Bernie Taupin (1991) (TV)
.... Himself
-
Sting:
The Soul Cages Concert (1991) (V) .... Himself
-
"Unplugged"
.... Himself (1 episode, 1991)
... aka MTV Unplugged
- Sting
Unplugged (1991) TV Episode .... Himself
-
Sting
at the Hollywood Bowl (1991) (TV) .... Performer
-
Resident
Alien (1990) .... Himself
... aka Resident Alien: Quentin Crisp in America
-
"Famous
Last Words" (1990) TV Series .... Himself (unknown
episodes)
... aka Famous Last Words with Kurt Loder (USA: long title)
-
Dance
of Hope (1989) .... Himself
-
Nelson
Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute (1988) (TV) .... Himself
-
"Programa
Piloto" .... Himself (1 episode, 1988)
- Episode
#1.3 (1988) TV Episode .... Himself
-
The
Police: Every Breath You Take - The Videos (1987) (V) ....
Himself
-
The
Prince's Trust Rock Gala: 10th Birthday (1986) (TV) ....
Performer
-
"The
Tube" .... Performer (1 episode, 1986)
- Episode
dated 28 March 1986 (1986) TV Episode .... Performer
-
Bring
on the Night (1985) .... Himself
... aka Sting: Bring on the Night (Europe: English title: video
title)
-
"Late
Night with David Letterman" .... Himself (1 episode,
1985)
- Episode
dated 5 November 1985 (1985) TV Episode .... Himself
-
MTV
Video Music Awards 1985 (1985) (TV) .... Himself - Performer
-
Live
Aid (1985) (TV) .... Himself
-
The
Police: Synchronicity Concert (1984) (V) .... Himself - Bass,
Lead Vocals
-
"Cheggers
Plays Pop" .... Himself (1 episode, 1983)
- Episode
#6.7 (1983) TV Episode (as The Police) .... Himself
-
The
Secret Policeman's Other Ball (1982) .... Himself
-
Police:
Around the World (1982) (V) .... Himself
-
Urgh!
A Music War (1981) .... Himself (The Police vocalist/bassist)
-
"Aplauso"
.... Himself (1 episode, 1980)
- Episode
dated 20 December 1980 (1980) TV Episode (as The Police)
.... Himself
-
Punk
and Its Aftershocks (1980) (as The Police) .... Himself
... aka British Rock (UK)
... aka British Rock - Ready for the 80s (West Germany)
-
"Musikladen"
(1 episode, 1980)
- Episode
#1.52 (1980) TV Episode (as The Police)
Trivia
-
Sting was the artist's inspiration for the physical appearance of
the character John
Constantine in the Hellblazer
comic book series. This resemblance was not carried over to the 2005
film adaptation of the series, Constantine,
starring Keanu
Reeves.
-
Sting was a fan and frequent passenger of
British
Airways' supersonic Concorde.
He appeared in several documentaries and publications as an unofficial
spokesperson for the high-speed service, during both its November 2001
relaunch (following a crash and the subsequent grounding of the
aircraft) as well as the service's October 2003 retirement.
-
The song "Russians" from The Dream of the Blue Turtles
used a theme (Suite from Lieutenant Kije, Op. 60) by Russian
composer Sergei
Prokofiev. Sting subsequently served as narrator for Peter
and the Wolf: A Prokofiev Fantasy, one of the many versions of
Prokofiev's Peter
and the Wolf that have been recorded by celebrities. In the
official VHS release of the Synchronicity Tour, at the very
beginning just before the performance, Sting can be heard playing
ad-lib tunes on his bass, and the Cat Tune from Peter and
the Wolf can be clearly recognised.
-
To keep physically fit, for years Sting ran five miles a day, and
performed aerobics.
However, around 1990 he met Danny Paradise who introduced him to yoga.
Soon after, Sting began practicing yoga regularly. His practice
consists primarily of an Ashtanga Vinyasa series, though he has
experimented with other forms.
-
Although Sting famously claimed to have had long bouts of
tantric
sex with his wife, he has more recently said that it was a
dinner-party joke that took on a life of its own. This "tantric
sex" would be immortalized in Barenaked
Ladies' 1998 smash hit "One
Week", stating "Like Sting, I'm tantric..."
-
Sting has his own signature
Fender Precision
Bass, but over the years, has played a variety of basses,
including a fretless Fender Precision Bass, a 1960s Fender Jazz Bass,
a fretless Ibanez Musician Bass, a Spector NS-1, a Steinberger L2, a
Framus electric double bass, and several others.
LINKS and REFERENCE
-
2003 Autobiography Broken Music, Simon & Schuster,
-
2005 Biography Sting and I, James Berryman, John Blake, ISBN
1-84454-107-X
-
1998 Biography Sting - Demolition Man, Christopher Sandford,
Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 0-316-64372-6
-
M. Kaplan (1994). "A new
species of frog of the genus Hyla from the Cordillera Oriental in
northern Columbia with comments on the taxonomy of Hyla minuta". Journal
of Herpetology 28 (1): 79–87.
MUSIC
INDEX A - Z
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